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[书籍] 华为数通知识宝典

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 成长值: 62305
发表于 2024-6-25 15:51:26 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式

数据通信与网络 知识地图 .......................................................................................................................... 10
1 网络基础 ........................................................................................................................................... 11
1.1 利用TCP/IP模型理解数据通信过程 .................................................................................................. 11
1.2 IP地址的概念及IP子网划分 ............................................................................................................... 19
1.3 VRP基础 .......................................................................................................................................... 27
1.4 使用Console接口管理设备 ............................................................................................................... 32
1.5 eNSP华为官方数通模拟器 ................................................................................................................ 37
2 交换基础 .......................................................................................................................................... 43
2.1 二层交换基础 ................................................................................................................................... 43
2.2 VLAN及Trunk .................................................................................................................................. 47
2.2.1 VLAN的基本概念 .............................................................................................................................. 47
2.2.2 Access类型的接口 ............................................................................................................................ 49
2.2.3 Trunk类型的接口............................................................................................................................... 50
2.2.4 接口类型小结 ................................................................................................................................... 51
2.2.5 VLAN及Trunk的基础配置 ................................................................................................................. 54
2.2.6 Hybrid接口的配置 ............................................................................................................................. 57
2.2.7 QinQ ................................................................................................................................................ 62
2.2.8 二层接口、三层接口、以及PVID、VLAN-ID等概念杂谈 ................................................................. 65
2.3 二层防环技术 ................................................................................................................................... 66
2.3.1 STP .................................................................................................................................................. 66
2.3.2 STP的特性及优化 ............................................................................................................................. 79
2.3.3 MSTP ............................................................................................................................................... 89
2.3.4 Smart Link及Monitor Link ................................................................................................................. 98
2.4 实现VLAN间的互访......................................................................................................................... 115
2.4.1 通过子接口实现VLAN间的互访 ....................................................................................................... 115
2.4.2 通过vlan-interface实现VLAN间的互访 ............................................................................................ 118
2.5 链路聚合 ........................................................................................................................................ 122
2.5.1 链路聚合技术背景 ........................................................................................................................... 122
2.5.2 工作方式:手工负载分担(Manual load-balance) ....................................................................... 123
2.5.3 工作方式:LACP ............................................................................................................................ 124
2.5.4 基础实验 ........................................................................................................................................ 126
2.6 交换安全 ........................................................................................................................................ 130
2.6.1 端口镜像 ........................................................................................................................................ 130
2.6.2 捕获业务报文 ................................................................................................................................. 135
2.6.3 端口隔离 ........................................................................................................................................ 138
3 路由基础 ........................................................................................................................................ 141
3.1 IP路由基础 ..................................................................................................................................... 141
3.1.1 什么是IP路由 ................................................................................................................................. 141
3.1.2 IP路由表......................................................................................................................................... 142
3.1.3 路由优先级 ..................................................................................................................................... 143
3.1.4 静态路由 ........................................................................................................................................ 144
3.1.5 静态路由简单实验 ........................................................................................................................... 146
3.1.6 默认路由(缺省路由).................................................................................................................... 149
3.1.7 浮动静态路由 ................................................................................................................................. 150
3.2 路由汇总(路由聚合).................................................................................................................... 151
3.3 最长匹配原则 ................................................................................................................................. 155
3.4 动态路由协议基础 ........................................................................................................................... 159
3.5 OSPF ............................................................................................................................................. 161
3.5.1 OSPF概述 ...................................................................................................................................... 161
3.5.2 OSPF基本概念 ............................................................................................................................... 164
3.5.3 OSPF的基础配置 ............................................................................................................................ 172
3.5.4 OSPF LSA及特殊区域 .................................................................................................................... 182
3.5.5 OSPF高级 ...................................................................................................................................... 192
4 交换提高 ........................................................................................................................................ 196
4.1 S5300交换机堆叠 ........................................................................................................................... 196
4.1.1 理论部分 ........................................................................................................................................ 196
4.1.2 配置指导 ........................................................................................................................................ 198
4.2 S6300交换机堆叠 ........................................................................................................................... 200
数通知识宝典 密级:公开
第4页, 共655页
4.2.1 理论部分 ........................................................................................................................................ 200
4.2.2 配置指导 ........................................................................................................................................ 202
4.3 Traffic-policy流量统计 ..................................................................................................................... 205
4.4 VLAN映射 ...................................................................................................................................... 206
5 路由提高 ........................................................................................................................................ 207
5.1 路由重发布 ..................................................................................................................................... 207
5.1.1 技术背景 ........................................................................................................................................ 207
5.1.2 实施要点 ........................................................................................................................................ 210
5.1.3 路由重发布的配置 ............................................................................................................................ 211
5.2 路由策略 ........................................................................................................................................ 215
5.2.1 Route-policy ................................................................................................................................... 215
5.2.2 IP-Prefix ......................................................................................................................................... 218
5.3 BGP ............................................................................................................................................... 222
5.3.1 BGP基本概念 ................................................................................................................................. 222
5.3.2 BGP入门实验 ................................................................................................................................. 230
5.3.3 BGP路径属性 ................................................................................................................................. 238
5.3.4 BGP路由策略 ................................................................................................................................. 253
5.3.5 BGP路由反射器 .............................................................................................................................. 275
5.3.6 BGP联邦 ........................................................................................................................................ 285
5.3.7 BGP选路规则详解 .......................................................................................................................... 289
5.4 虚拟路由转发实例 ........................................................................................................................... 313
5.4.1 VPN-Instance部署案例 ................................................................................................................... 313
6 冗余可靠 ........................................................................................................................................ 317
6.1 VRRP ............................................................................................................................................. 317
6.1.1 VRRP概述...................................................................................................................................... 317
6.1.2 VRRP术语...................................................................................................................................... 319
6.1.3 VRRP的基础配置 ............................................................................................................................ 320
6.1.4 VRRP常见问题 ............................................................................................................................... 330
6.1.5 VRRP与NQA的联动 ....................................................................................................................... 331
7 网络安全 ........................................................................................................................................ 333
7.1 ACL ................................................................................................................................................ 333
7.1.1 ACL概述......................................................................................................................................... 333
7.1.2 ACL的分类 ..................................................................................................................................... 334
7.1.3 ACL的配置 ..................................................................................................................................... 335
7.1.4 ACL配置实例(路由器) ................................................................................................................ 336
7.1.5 ACL配置示例(交换机) ................................................................................................................ 337
7.2 防火墙基础 ..................................................................................................................................... 338
7.2.1 防火墙概述 ..................................................................................................................................... 338
7.2.2 防火墙的基础知识 ........................................................................................................................... 339
7.2.3 防火墙的基础配置 ........................................................................................................................... 346
7.3 NAT ................................................................................................................................................ 360
7.3.1 NAT概述 ......................................................................................................................................... 360
7.3.2 NAT类型详解 ................................................................................................................................. 361
7.3.3 NAT在防火墙(NGFW)上的部署 ................................................................................................. 364
7.3.4 NAT在路由器上的部署 .................................................................................................................... 372
7.4 防火墙双机热备 .............................................................................................................................. 375
7.4.1 防火墙双机热备概述 ....................................................................................................................... 375
7.4.2 防火墙双机热备基础 ....................................................................................................................... 377
7.4.3 防火墙双机配置步骤 ....................................................................................................................... 383
7.4.4 配置案例1:防火墙双机主备配置(上下行连接交换机并在物理接口部署VRRP) ....................... 383
7.4.5 与防火墙双机热备相关的其他命令 ................................................................................................. 390
7.4.6 配置案例2:防火墙双机主备配置(上下行连接交换机并在下行子接口部署VRRP) ................... 391
7.4.7 配置案例3:防火墙双机主备配置(上下行连接交换机并在下行Eth-trunk子接口部署VRRP) ..... 395
7.4.8 配置案例4:防火墙双机主备配置(下行连接内部交换机并在Eth-trunk子接口部署VRRP、上行连接外
部交换机并运行OSPF) ................................................................................................................. 401
7.4.9 防火墙双机配置注意事项 ................................................................................................................ 410
7.5 防火墙常见问题 .............................................................................................................................. 411
7.6 VPN ............................................................................................................................................... 415
7.6.1 VPN基础知识 ................................................................................................................................. 415
7.6.2 GRE ............................................................................................................................................... 420
7.6.3 IPSecVPN ...................................................................................................................................... 423
8 网络管理 ........................................................................................................................................ 483
8.1 SNMP ............................................................................................................................................ 483
8.2 SNMPv3的基础配置 ....................................................................................................................... 487
8.3 NTP的基础配置 .............................................................................................................................. 489
9 组播技术 ........................................................................................................................................ 490
9.1 组播基础 ........................................................................................................................................ 490
9.1.1 组播概述 ........................................................................................................................................ 490
9.1.2 组播模型 ........................................................................................................................................ 492
9.1.3 组播分发树 ..................................................................................................................................... 493
9.1.4 组播地址 ........................................................................................................................................ 493
9.2 IGMP .............................................................................................................................................. 496
9.2.1 IGMP概述 ...................................................................................................................................... 496
9.2.2 IGMPv1(RFC1112) .................................................................................................................... 497
9.2.3 IGMPv2(RFC2236) .................................................................................................................... 499
9.2.4 IGMP配置及实现 ............................................................................................................................ 503
9.3 组播路由协议概述 ........................................................................................................................... 507
9.3.1 关于组播路由协议 ........................................................................................................................... 507
9.3.2 组播路由表项 ................................................................................................................................. 508
9.3.3 组播分发树 ..................................................................................................................................... 509
9.3.4 RPF ................................................................................................................................................ 510
9.4 PIM概述 ......................................................................................................................................... 511
9.5 PIM-DM .......................................................................................................................................... 512
9.5.1 协议概述 ........................................................................................................................................ 512
9.5.2 协议报文 ........................................................................................................................................ 512
9.5.3 邻居关系 ........................................................................................................................................ 513
9.5.4 扩散(Flood)、剪枝(Prune)及嫁接(Graft) ............................................................................ 514
9.5.5 Assert断言机制 ............................................................................................................................... 518
9.5.6 配置示例 ........................................................................................................................................ 519
9.6 PIM-SM .......................................................................................................................................... 526
9.6.1 基础知识 ........................................................................................................................................ 526
9.6.2 工作机制1:共享树加入 ................................................................................................................. 527
9.6.3 工作机制2:共享树剪枝 ................................................................................................................. 529
9.6.4 工作机制3:源注册 ......................................................................................................................... 531
9.6.5 工作机制4:RPT到SPT的切换 ....................................................................................................... 534
9.6.6 PIM-SM DR指定路由器 .................................................................................................................. 537
9.6.7 配置示例 ........................................................................................................................................ 538
10 IPv6基础 ........................................................................................................................................ 548
10.1 IPv6基础 ........................................................................................................................................ 548
10.1.1 概述 ...................................................................................................................................... 548
10.1.2 报文格式............................................................................................................................... 549
10.2 IPv6编址 ........................................................................................................................................ 551
10.2.1 IPv6地址............................................................................................................................... 551
10.2.2 地址类型............................................................................................................................... 552
10.2.3 单播地址............................................................................................................................... 553
10.2.4 接口ID .................................................................................................................................. 555
10.2.5 组播地址............................................................................................................................... 556
10.3 基础配置 ........................................................................................................................................ 558
10.3.1 基础配置命令 ........................................................................................................................ 558
10.3.2 实验1:IPv6入门实验 ........................................................................................................... 559
10.3.3 实验2:无状态地址自动配置 ................................................................................................ 562
10.4 ICMPv6 .......................................................................................................................................... 564
10.4.1 ICMPv6概述 .......................................................................................................................... 564
10.4.2 NDP ..................................................................................................................................... 565
10.5 IPv6过渡技术 ................................................................................................................................. 575
10.5.1 概述 ...................................................................................................................................... 575
10.5.2 IPv6 Over IPv4手工隧道 ....................................................................................................... 577
10.5.3 GRE隧道 ............................................................................................................................... 580
10.5.4 6to4自动隧道 ........................................................................................................................ 584
10.5.5 NAT64概述 ............................................................................................................................ 589
10.5.6 NAT64(IPv6节点主动访问IPv4服务器) ............................................................................ 591
10.5.7 NAT64(IPv4节点主动访问IPv6服务器) ............................................................................ 593
11 MPLS与MPLS VPN ........................................................................................................................ 595
11.1 MPLS基础 ...................................................................................................................................... 595
11.1.1 MPLS概述 ............................................................................................................................. 595
11.1.2 MPLS术语 ............................................................................................................................. 597
11.1.3 MPLS标签 ............................................................................................................................. 599
11.1.4 MPLS标签操作 ...................................................................................................................... 600
11.1.5 MPLS转发过程详解 .............................................................................................................. 601
11.2 LDP ................................................................................................................................................ 604
11.2.1 LDP概述 ............................................................................................................................... 604
11.2.2 LDP ID ................................................................................................................................. 606
11.2.3 标签空间............................................................................................................................... 606
11.2.4 传输地址............................................................................................................................... 607
11.2.5 LDP的基本工作过程.............................................................................................................. 607
11.2.6 PHP ....................................................................................................................................... 611
11.3 MPLS的基础配置 ............................................................................................................................ 613
11.3.1 基础命令............................................................................................................................... 613
11.3.2 基础实验............................................................................................................................... 614
11.4 MPLS VPN..................................................................................................................................... 619
11.4.1 MPLS VPN的架构 ................................................................................................................. 620
11.4.2 MPLS VPN初体验 ................................................................................................................. 621
11.4.3 VPN实例 ............................................................................................................................... 625
11.4.4 RD ........................................................................................................................................ 627
11.4.5 RT ........................................................................................................................................ 628
11.4.6 基础实验............................................................................................................................... 629
12 服务质量 ........................................................................................................................................ 640
12.1 流量分类与标记 .............................................................................................................................. 640
12.1.1 修改流量的DSCP .................................................................................................................. 640
13 故障处理 ........................................................................................................................................ 641
13.1 网络故障处理概述 ........................................................................................................................... 641
13.2 网络故障处理案例 ........................................................................................................................... 645
13.2.1 案例1:某局点单板无法访问客户网络设备 .......................................................................... 645
13.2.2 案例2 .................................................................................................................................... 647
13.2.3 案例3 .................................................................................................................................... 648
13.2.4 案例4 .................................................................................................................................... 649
13.2.5 案例5 .................................................................................................................................... 650
13.2.6 案例6 .................................................................................................................................... 652
13.2.7 案例7 .................................................................................................................................... 652
13.2.8 案例8 .................................................................................................................................... 653
13.2.9 案例9 .................................................................................................................................... 654

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发表于 2024-6-28 08:26:04 | 显示全部楼层
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发表于 2024-6-28 10:19:30 | 显示全部楼层
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发表于 2024-6-28 10:29:59 | 显示全部楼层
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