Ubuntu8.04 server下构建nginx+php+mysql+zend

崔凯

一、设置root权限。
设置root权限，这样下面安装的过程中，不用总sudo了。
PHP 代码:

sudo passwd root  





设置好root的密码以后。
PHP 代码:

su-  






输入密码，换成root权限。

二、设置apt源。

ubuntu安装完毕以后，默认的apt源速度可能会很慢。所以，首先是修改一下apt的源，提高软件的下载速度。建议大家可以选择ubuntu官方的源，中国台湾省的源和cn99的源。

PHP 代码:

cp/etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
nano/etc/apt/sources.list  






删除里面所有的内容，修改成

（白天速度快，晚上速度比较慢。电信和网通都可以）

PHP 代码:

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse  






（下面的源，推荐电信用户使用。有的时候网通的用户访问速度也非常的快）

PHP 代码:

deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ hardy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ hardy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ hardy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ hardy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse  






（中国台湾省的源，晚上的速度非常的好）

PHP 代码:

deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse  






上面的三个源，大家可以根据自己的需要来设置。

保存，退出nano。

PHP 代码:

apt-get update  





三、安装一些必要的软件。

ubuntu安装以后，有一些包是没有安装上的。我们需要安装上，否则下面的编译将会出现问题。

PHP 代码:

apt-get install binutils cpp fetchmail flex gcc libarchive-zip-perl libc6-dev libcompress-zlib-perl libdb4.3-dev libpcre3 libpopt-dev lynx m4 make ncftp nmap perl perl-modules unzip zip zlib1g-dev autoconf automake1.9 libtool bison autotools-dev g++build-essential libpcre3-dev libncurses5-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev openssh-server openssh-client  





四、设置安装目录，下载必要的软件。

安装完毕以后，我们建立几个目录，用来进行下一步的安装。

PHP 代码:

mkdir/var/software  (用来存放安装软件)
mkdir/usr/local/webserver  (安装目录，nginx，php等都安装在这个目录下)
mkdir/usr/local/webserver/webdata  (发布目录)
mkdir/usr/local/webserver/log(存放nginx的日志文件)  






下载编译需要的各种软件，全部放到/var/software下
mysql-5.0.51a
http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/M...rloo.ca/mysql/

php-5.2.6
http://cn.php.net/get/php-5.2.6.tar.gz/from/a/mirror

nginx-0.5.35
http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.5.35.tar.gz

libiconv-1.11
http://download.chyangwa.com/linux/l...nv-1.11.tar.gz

freetype-2.3.5
http://download.savannah.gnu.org/rel...e-2.3.5.tar.gz

libpng-1.2.29（注意，大家不要使用1.2.28这个版本，似乎有很多问题）
http://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/sour...-1.2.29.tar.gz

jpegsrc.v6b
http://down1.chinaunix.net/distfiles/jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz

libxml2-2.6.30
http://ftp.gnome.org/pub/GNOME/sourc...-2.6.30.tar.gz

libmcrypt-2.5.8
http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/sourc...t-2.5.8.tar.gz

mhash-0.9.9
http://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/sour...h-0.9.9.tar.gz

mcrypt-2.6.7
http://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/sour...t-2.6.7.tar.gz

memcache-2.2.3
http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-2.2.3.tgz

pcre-7.6
http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/sourc...cre-7.6.tar.gz

zend
http://www.phpchina.com/download/sho...=ZendOptimizer


五、编译安装PHP所需的支持库。

PHP 代码:

cd/var/software
tar zxvf libiconv-1.11.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.11/
./configure--prefix=/usr/local
make
make install
cd../

tar zxvf freetype-2.3.5.tar.gz
cd freetype-2.3.5/
./configure
make
make install
cd../

tar zxvf libpng-1.2.29.tar.gz
cd libpng-1.2.29/
./configure
###mv scripts/makefile.linux ./makefile
make
make install
cd../

tar zxvf jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz
cd jpeg-6b/
./configure--enable-static --enable-shared
make
make install
make install-lib
cd../

tar zxvf libxml2-2.6.30.tar.gz
cd libxml2-2.6.30/
./configure
make
make install
cd../

tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure
make
make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure--enable-ltdl-install
make
make install
cd../../

tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9/
./configure
make
make install
cd../

cp/usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.* /usr/lib
ln-s/usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2/usr/lib/libmhash.so.2

tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.7.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.7/
./configure
make
make install
cd../  







六、编译安装MySQL

PHP 代码:

tar zxvf mysql-5.0.51b.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.0.51b
./configure--prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql--localstatedir=/var/lib/mysql--with-comment=Source--with-server-suffix=-enterprise-gpl--with-mysqld-user=mysql--without-debug--with-unix-socket-path=/tmp/mysql.sock--with-big-tables--with-extra-charsets=gbk,latin1,utf8--with-pthread--enable-static --with-client-ldflags=-all-static --with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static --enable-assembler--without-innodb--without-ndb-debug--without-isam--enable-local-infile--with-readline--with-raid--enable-thread-safe-client
make
make install
groupadd mysql
useradd-g mysql mysql
cd/usr/local/webserver/mysql
bin/mysql_install_db--user=mysql
chown-R root:mysql.（设置权限，注意后面有一个"."）
chown-R mysql/var/lib/mysql （设置 mysql 目录权限。数据库就放在这里了）
chgrp-R mysql.（注意后面有一个"."）
cp share/mysql/my-medium.cnf/etc/my.cnf
cp share/mysql/mysql.server/etc/init.d/mysqld  （为了开机可以自动启动 mysql。）
chmod 755/etc/init.d/mysqld
echo"/usr/local/webserver/mysql/lib">> /etc/ld.so.conf （添加LIB PATH）
运行以下命令即可启动 MySQL 服务器：
/etc/init.d/mysqld start （启动 MySQL）
bin/mysqladmin-u root password"password_for_root"（设置mysql的root密码）
/etc/init.d/mysqld stop （关闭 MySQL）

nano/etc/rc.local
在最后加入：/etc/init.d/mysqld start（这样开机的时候，mysql就可以自动启动了。）  





七、编译安装PHP（FastCGI模式）
PHP 代码:

cd/var/software
tar zxvf php-5.2.6.tar.gz
cd php-5.2.6
./configure--prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc--with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql--with-iconv-dir=/usr/local--with-freetype-dir--with-jpeg-dir--with-png-dir--with-zlib--with-libxml-dir--enable-xml--disable-debug--enable-discard-path--enable-safe-mode--enable-bcmath--enable-shmop--enable-sysvsem--enable-inline-optimization--with-curl--with-curlwrappers--enable-mbregex--enable-fastcgi--enable-force-cgi-redirect--enable-mbstring--with-mcrypt--disable-ipv6--enable-soap--with-openssl--with-gettext--disable-rpath

sed-i's#-lz -lm -lxml2 -lz -lm -lxml2 -lz -lm -lcrypt#& -liconv#'Makefile
make
make install
cp php.ini-dist/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
cd../  






八、编译安装PHP5扩展模块

PHP 代码:

tar zxvf memcache-2.2.3.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.3/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure--with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd../

cd php-5.2.6/ext/gd/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure--with-jpeg-dir--with-png-dir--with-zlib-dir--with-ttf--with-freetype-dir--with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd../../../  






九、对php进行一些设置，并且为安装nginx做一些准备工作。

1、修改php.ini文件
手工修改：查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"
修改为extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
并在此行后增加以下几行，然后保存。
PHP 代码:

extension="memcache.so"
extension="gd.so"  






自动修改：若嫌手工修改麻烦，可执行以下shell命令，自动完成对php.ini文件的修改：

PHP 代码:

sed-i's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"\nextension = "memcache.so"\nextension = "gd.so"\n#'/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini  





2、创建www用户和组，以及其使用的目录。
PHP 代码:


/usr/sbin/groupadd www-g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd-u 48-g www www
chmod+w/usr/local/webserver/webdata/
chown-R www:www/usr/local/webserver/webdata/  






3、安装lighttpd中附带的spawn-fcgi，用来启动php-cgi
PHP 代码:

cp spawn-fcgi/usr/local/webserver/php/bin
chmod+x/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/spawn-fcgi  





注：spawn-fcgi我在网站没有找到，大家可以去wangyu1314大大的blog里面找他打得一个包文件。地址是：http://ishare.iask.sina.com.cn/cgi-b...fileid=2746375。压缩包中的spawn-fcgi程序为已经编译成二进制的版本。顺便说一下，大家可以去http://www.cnprint.org/bbs/blogs/1/blog101.html下载wangyu1314大大做好的全套的安装软件包。精品啊！


4、启动php-cgi进程，监听127.0.0.1的10080端口，进程数为64（可以根据自己的情况来设置。如果服务器内存小于3GB，可以只开启25个进程。），用户为www。
PHP 代码:


/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/spawn-fcgi-a 127.0.0.1-p 10080-C 64-u www-f/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-cgi  






十、安装Nginx 0.5.33

1、安装Nginx所需的pcre库。
PHP 代码:

tar zxvf pcre-7.6.tar.gz
cd pcre-7.6/
./configure
make&&make install
cd../  






2、安装Nginx。
PHP 代码:

tar zxvf nginx-0.5.35.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.5.35/
./configure--user=www--group=www--prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx--with-http_stub_status_module
make
make install
cd../  






3、创建Nginx日志目录。
PHP 代码:

chmod+w/usr/local/webserver/logs
chown-R www:www/usr/local/webserver/logs  





4、创建Nginx配置文件。
在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建nginx.conf文件。
PHP 代码:

rm-f/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nano/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf  





输入以下内容。

PHP 代码:

user www www;

worker_processes 10;

error_log/usr/local/webserver/logs/nginx_error.log crit;

#pid logs/nginx.pid;

#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;

events
{
useepoll;

worker_connections 51200;
}

http
{
includeconf/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;

charset gb2312;

server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;

#sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;

keepalive_timeout 60;

tcp_nodelay on;

gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 8k;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript. text/css text/html application/xml;

server
{
listen 80;
server_name servername.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root/usr/local/webserver/webdata;

if (-d $request_filename)
{
rewrite^/(.*)([^/])$http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
}

location~ .*.php?$
{
includeconf/fcgi.conf;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:10080;
fastcgi_index index.php;
}

log_format access'$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
access_log/usr/local/webserver/logs/access.log access;
}

server
{
listen 80;
server_name status.servername.com;

location/ {
stub_status on;
access_log off;
}
}
}  






保存，退出nano。

5、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建fcgi.conf文件。

PHP 代码:

nano/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf  





输入以下内容：

PHP 代码:

fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;

fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;

fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;

# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
#fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;  







6、启动Nginx
PHP 代码:

ulimit-SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx-c/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf  





7、配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHP
PHP 代码:

nano/etc/rc.local  





在末尾增加以下内容：
PHP 代码:

ulimit-SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/spawn-fcgi-a 127.0.0.1-p 10080-C 64-u www-f/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-cgi
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx-c/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf  






十一、优化Linux内核参数

PHP 代码:

nano/etc/sysctl.conf  





在末尾增加以下内容.

PHP 代码:

net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout=30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time=300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse=1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle=1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=5000 65000  





使配置立即生效：

PHP 代码:


/sbin/sysctl-p  





十二、在不停止Nginx服务的情况下平滑变更Nginx配置

修改/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后，请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确.
PHP 代码:


/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx-t  





如果屏幕显示以下两行信息，说明配置文件正确。
PHP 代码:

the configuration file/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
the configuration file/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully  





这时，输入以下命令查看Nginx主进程号。

PHP 代码:

ps-ef|grep"nginx: master process"|grep-v"grep"|awk-F' ' '{print $2}'  






屏幕显示的即为Nginx主进程号，例如：
4343
这时，执行以下命令即可使修改过的Nginx配置文件生效.
PHP 代码:

kill-HUP 4343  






十三、安装zend

PHP 代码:

cd/var/software
tar zxvf ZendOptimizer-

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